How your hourly paycheck is calculated
Your gross pay is your hourly rate times the hours you work, with overtime paid at a higher multiplier. From that gross, four things are withheld before you see your net (take-home) pay:
- Federal income tax. Calculated on your gross minus the standard deduction (and any pre-tax deductions). Federal tax is progressive — each bracket's rate applies only to the income inside that bracket, so your effective rate is lower than your top bracket.
- Social Security (6.2%). Applied to your gross wages up to the annual wage base of $184,500. Earnings above that are not subject to Social Security tax.
- Medicare (1.45%). Applied to all wages with no cap. An extra 0.9% applies to wages above $200,000 ($250,000 if married filing jointly).
- State income tax. Depends on where you live. Some states have no wage income tax at all; others use a flat rate or progressive brackets.
A key detail many calculators get wrong: Social Security and Medicare are charged on yourgross pay, while federal income tax is charged on your gross minus the standard deduction. Those are two different bases. We keep them separate — see ourmethodology and sources for every formula and figure.
States we support
We only include a state once we've verified its rules against the state's own revenue department. For states not listed, the calculator shows federal-only figures and labels them clearly. Currently supported: